International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume 13, Issue 5 , Pages 397-407 , November 2002

Media constructions of illegal drugs, users, and sellers: a closer look at Traffic

,Accepted 30 April 2002.

References 

  1. Alexander B. Peaceful measures: Canada's way out of the ‘War on Drugs’. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1990;
  2. Amnesty International (1999). “Not part of my sentenceViolations of the human rights of women in custody. Amnesty International, Rights for all, Amnesty Internationals campaign on the United States of America.
  3. Beatty P, Holman B, Schiraldi V. Poor prescriptions: the costs of imprisoning drug offenders in the United States. Washington, DC: The Justice Policy Institute; 2000;
  4. Beyerstein B, Hadaway P. On avoiding folly. Journal of Drug Issues. 1990;20(4):43–57
  5. In:  Birch H editors. Moving targets: women, murder and representation. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1994;
  6. Bourgois P. In search of respect: selling crack in El Barrio. UK: Cambridge University Press; 1995;
  7. Boyd S. Mothers and illicit drugs: transcending the myths. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1999;
  8. Boyd J. Considering the dancing body: cinematic representations. Working copy of Major Research Paper. Toronto: York University, Department of Dance; 2002;
  9. Bullington B. All about Eve: the many faces of US drug policy. In:  Pearce F,  Woodiwess M editor. Global crime connections: dynamics and control. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1993;p. 32–71
  10. Castro D. ‘Hot blood and easy virtue’: Mass media and the making of racist Latino/a stereotypes. In:  Mann C,  Zatz M editor. Images of color, images of crime: readings. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Publishing; 2002;p. 82–91
  11. Chesney-Lind M. Media misogyny: demonizing ‘violent’ girls and women. In:  Ferrell J,  Websdale N editor. Making trouble: cultural constructions of crime, deviance, and control. New York: Aldine de Gruyter; 1999;p. 115–140
  12. Chesney-Lind M, Bloom B. Feminist criminology: thinking about women and crime. In:  MacLean B,  Milovanovic D editor. Thinking critically about crime. Vancouver: Collective Press; 1997;p. 45–55
  13. Chomsky N. Rogue States: the rule of force in world affairs. Cambridge, MA: South End Press; 2000;
  14. Clover C. Her body, himself: gender in the slasher film. In:  Thorman S editors. A feminist film theory: a reader. New York: New York University Press; 1999;p. 234–250
  15. Cohen S. Visions of social control. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press; 1985;
  16. Cowan A, Wren C. In: Traffic captures much of drug world, people from the battlefront say. New York Times; 2001;p. 2001
  17. Dorn N, South N. After Mr. Bennett and Mr Bush: US foreign policy and the prospects for drug control. In:  Pearce F,  Woodiwess M editor. Global crime connections: dynamics and control. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1993;p. 72–90
  18. Drucker E. Drug prohibition and public health: 25 years of evidence. The Drug Policy Letter. 1999;40:4–18
  19. Entertainment Industries Council in partnership with The National Institute on Drug Abuse and The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2000). Spotlight on depiction of health and social issues: drug, alcohol, and tobacco use and addiction, vol. 1 (3rd ed.). USA: Entertainment Industries Council.
  20. Faith K. Unruly women: the politics of confinement and resistance. Vancouver: Press Gang; 1993;
  21. Ferrell J. Against the law: anarchist criminology. In:  MacLean B,  Milovanovic D editor. Thinking critically about crime. Vancouver: Collective Press; 1997;
  22. Ferrell J, Websdale N. Materials for making trouble. In:  Ferrell J,  Websdale N editor. Making trouble: cultural constructions of crime, deviance, and control. New York: Aldine de Gruyter; 1999;p. 3–21
  23. Hall S. What is this ‘black’ in black popular culture. Social Justice. 1993;20:104–114
  24. Hart L. Fatal women: lesbian sexuality and the mark of aggression. New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 1994;
  25. Hooks B. Ain't I a women: black women and feminism. Boston: South End Press; 1981;
  26. Kappeler V, Blumberg M, Potter G. The mythology of crime and criminal justice. 2nd ed.. Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press; 1996;
  27. Macdonald P, Waldorf D, Reinarman C, Murphy S. Heavy cocaine use and sexual behavior. The Journal of Drug Issues. 1988;18(3):437–455
  28. MacGregor S. Pragmatism or principle? Continuity and change in the British approach to treatment and control. In:  Comber R editors. The control of drugs and drug users: reason or reaction. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic; 1998;p. 131–154
  29. Mathiesen T. Towards the 21st century: abolition—an impossible dream. In:  West G,  Morris R editor. The case for penal abolition. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press; 2000;p. 333–353
  30. The Sentencing Project Mauer M. Race to incarcerate. New York: The New Press; 1999;
  31. McCoy A. The politics of heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug trade. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books; 1991;
  32. Meek J. Time is running out in the war on opium. In: The guardian weekly. 2001;p. 3
  33. Mills, M. (1999). High heels on wet pavement: film noir and the femme fatale [Article]. Retrieved November, 2000, from the World Wide Web: www.moderntimes.com/palace/film_noir/index.html.
  34. Morgan P, Joe K. Uncharted terrain: contexts of experience among women in the illicit drug economy. Women & Criminal Justice. 1997;3(8):85–109
  35. Morgan J, Zimmer L. The social pharmacology of smokeable cocaine: not all it's cracked up to be. In:  Reinarman C,  Levine H editor. Crack in America: demon drugs and social justice. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1997;p. 131–170
  36. Muwakkil S. Can ‘Traffic’ loosen drug-policy gridlock. In: Chicago tribune. 2001;
  37. Nadelmann E. Cops across the border: the internationalization of US criminal law enforcement. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press; 1993;
  38. In:  Naiman A editors. The common good. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press; 1996;
  39. Office of National Drug Control Policy (2001). The national drug control strategy: 2001 Annual Report.
  40. O'Hare P. A note on the concept of harm reduction. In:  O'Hare P,  Newcombe R,  Matthews A,  Buning EC,  Drucker E editor. The reduction of drug-related harm. New York: Routledge; 1982;p. 13–17
  41. Peele S, Brodsky A, with Arnold M. The truth about addiction and recovery. New York: Simon & Schuster; 1991;
  42. Pfohl S. Images of deviance and social control: a sociological history. 2nd ed.. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1994;
  43. Postman N. Amusing ourselves to death: public discourse in the age of show business. New York: Penguin; 1986;
  44. Rafter N. Partial justice: women, prison, and social control. 2nd ed.. New Brunswick, US: Transaction Publishers; 1990;
  45. Rafter N. Shots in the mirror: crime films and society. New York: Oxford University Press; 2000;
  46. Reinarman C, Duskin C. Dominant ideology and drugs in the media. In:  Ferrell J,  Websdale N editor. Making trouble: cultural constructions of crime, deviance, and control. New York: Aldine de Gruyter; 1999;p. 73–87
  47. Riley K. Crack, powder cocaine, and heroin: drug purchase and use patterns in six US cities. National Institute of Justice, United States Department of Justice; 1997;
  48. Rome D. Murderers, rapist, and drug addicts. In:  Mann C,  Zatz M editor. Images of color, images of crime: readings. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Publishing; 2002;p. 71–81
  49. Rosenbaum M, Murphy S, Irwin J, Watson L. Women and crack: what's the real story. The Drug Policy Letter. 1990;11(2):2–6
  50. Saunders D. Editors made deals on antidrug articles. In: The Globe and Mail. 2000;p. A2
  51. Scott P, Marshall J. Cocaine politics: Drugs, armies, and the CIA in Central America. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1998; updated edition
  52. South N. Tackling drug control in Britain: from Sir Malcolm Delevingne to the new drugs strategy. In:  Coomber R editors. The control of drugs and drug users. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers; 1998;p. 87–106
  53. Stimson G. ‘Blair declares war’: the unhealthy state of British drug policy. The International Journal of Drug Policy. 2000;11:259–264
  54. Surette R. Media, crime, and criminal justice: images and realities. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole; 1992;
  55. Thornham S. A feminist film theory: a reader. New York: New York University Press; 1999;
  56. United States Department of Justice . Prisoners in 1998. Rockville, MD: Bureau of Justice Statistics; 1999;
  57. United States Department of Justice . Drug use. Drugs and crime facts. Rockville, MD: Bureau of Justice Statistics; 2000;
  58. Vittala K. The addict as TV entertainment. The Journal of Addiction and Mental Health. 2000;3(6):10
  59. Waldorf D, Reinarman C, Murphy S. Cocaine changes. Philadelphia: Temple University Press; 1991;
  60. Weich, H., & Angula, C. (2000). Justice on trial: racial disparities in the American criminal justice system. Leadership Conference on Civil Rights & Leadership Conference on Education Fund.
  61. Wong S, Alexander B. ‘Cocaine-related deaths’: media coverage in the war on drugs. Journal of Drug Issues. 1991;21(1):105–119
  62. Woodiwess M. Organized crime and American power. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 2001;

PII: S0955-3959(02)00079-8

International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume 13, Issue 5 , Pages 397-407 , November 2002