International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume 16 , Pages 21-30 , December 2005

HIV/AIDS and injecting drug use: Information, education and communication

Received 11 January 2005 ,Revised 4 February 2005 ,Accepted 6 February 2005.

References 

  1. Abdul-Quader AS, Des Jarlais DC, Chatterjee A, Hirky E, Friedman SR. Intervention for injecting drug users. In:  Gibney L, et al. editor. Preventing HIV in developing countries: Biomedical and behavioral approaches. New York: Plenum Press; 1999;p. 283–312
  2. Abdul-Quader AS, Des Jarlais DC, Tross S. Outreach to injecting drug users and female sexual partners of drug users on the lower east side of New York City. British Journal of Addiction. 1992;87:519–526
  3. Aronson, E., & Gonzales, M. (1990). Cited in B. J. Krauss, et al., Getting the message: HIV information sources of women who have sex with injecting drug users—A two site study. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48, 153–174.
  4. Backer TE, Rogers EM, Sopory P. Designing health communication campaigns: What works?. Newbury Park: Sage; 1992;
  5. Ball, A. L. (1998). Policies and interventions to stem HIV-1 epidemics associated with IDU. In G. V. Stimson, D. C. Des Jarlais & A. L. Ball (Eds.), Drug injecting and HIV infection. London: UCL Press.
  6. Ball AL, Crofts N. HIV risk reduction in injecting drug users. In:  Lamptey PR,  Gayle HD editor. HIV/AIDS prevention and care in resource constrained settings: A handbook for the design and management of programs. Arlington, VA: Family Health International; 2001;
  7. Barnard M. Needle sharing in context: Patterns of sharing among men and women injectors and HIV risks. Addiction. 1993;88:805–812
  8. Bolding G, Sherr L, Maguire M, Elford J. HIV risk behaviours among gay men who use anabolic steroids. Addiction. 1999;94:1829–1835
  9. Booth RE, Watters JK. How effective are risk-reduction interventions targeting injecting drug users?. AIDS. 1994;8:1515–1524
  10. Broadhead RS, Heckathorn DD, Weakliem DL, Anthony DL, Madray H, Mills RJ, et al. Harnessing peer networks as an instrument for AIDS prevention: Results from a peer-driven intervention. Public Health Reports. 1998;113(Suppl. 1):42–57
  11. Bruneau J, Lamothe F, Soto J, Lachance N, Vincelette J, Vassal A, et al. Sex-specific determinants of HIV infection among injection drug users in Montreal. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2001;164:767–773
  12. Burrows, D. (2001). A best practice model of harm reduction in the community and in prisons in the Russian Federation (final project report). Washington/Moscow: World Bank.
  13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1993). Assessment of street outreach for HIV prevention-selected sites 1991–1993. MMWR, 42, 45:873, 879–880 (also, Internet communication on 18th October 2001 for prevalence data at web site www.cdc.gov/health/diseases.htm).
  14. Cohen J, Hauer L, Wofsy C. Women and IV drugs: Parental and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Drug Issues. 1989;19:39–56
  15. Colon HM, Robles RR, Marrero CA, Reyes JC, Sahai H. Behavioural effects of receiving HIV test results among injecting drug users in Puerto Rico. AIDS. 1996;10:1163–1168
  16. Coyle SL, Needle RH, Normand J. Outreach-based HIV prevention for injecting drug users: A review of published outcome data. Public Health Reports. 1998;113(Suppl. 1):19–30
  17. De Haes W. Looking for effective drug education programmes: Fifteen years exploration of the effects of different drug education programmes. Health Education Research Theory and Practice. 1987;2:433–438
  18. Dengelegi L, Weber J, Torquato S. Drug users’ AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours before and after AIDS education sessions. Public Health Reports. 1990;105:504–510
  19. Des Jarlais DC. The first and second decade of AIDS among injecting drug users. British Journal of Addiction. 1992;87:347–354
  20. Des Jarlais DC. Structural interventions to reduce HIV transmission among injecting drug users. AIDS. 2000;14(Suppl. 1):S41–S46
  21. Dorn, N., & Murji, K. (1992). Drug prevention: A review of the English language literature (ISDD Research Monograph 5). London: ISDD.
  22. Drugscope. (2001). How effective are media campaigns on affecting drug use? London, UK (internet communication on 5 September 2001 at website http://www.drugscope.org.uk/druginfo/drugsearchds_results.asp).
  23. Dyer N. Smokers’ luck: Can a ‘shocking’ programme change attitudes to smoking?. Addictive Behaviours. 1988;8:43–46
  24. Equipo de Trabajo de El Retoño. (2001). Reducción de danos en contextos de probreza. Ensayos y Experiencias (Argentina), 39, 60–68.
  25. Flay, B. R., & Burton, D. (1990). Effective mass communications strategies for health campaigns. In G. B. Hastings, M. Caraher, K. Aston & C. Rose (Eds.). (2001). Let's get real: Communicating with the public about drugs. London: Anti-Drugs Co-ordinating Unit.
  26. Frain J. The principles and practice of marketing. London: Pitman; 1986;
  27. Friedman SR, Neaigus A, Des Jarlais DC, Sotheran JL, Woods JS, Sufian M, et al. Social intervention against AIDS among injecting drug users. British Journal of Addiction. 1992;87:393–405
  28. Gagarkin N, Vanenkova T. The course of the realization of the harm reduction program in the city of Nikolayev. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii. 2000;4:98–100
  29. Gibson DR, McCusker J, Chesney M. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in preventing HIV risk behaviour in injecting drug users. AIDS. 1998;12:919–929
  30. Glaser, F. B. (1993). Descriptions of treatment. In Approaches to treatment of substance abuse. Geneva: WHO, Programme on Substance Abuse.
  31. Hale, J. L., & Dillard, J. P. (1995). Fear appeals in health promotion campaigns: Too much, too little, or just right? In E. Maibach & R. L. Parrott (Eds.), Designing health messages: Approaches from communication theory and public health practice (pp. 65–80). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  32. Hangzo C, Chatterjee A, Sarkar S, Zomi GT, Deb BC, Abdul-Quader AS. Reaching out beyond the hills: HIV prevention among injecting drug users in Manipur, India. Addiction. 1997;92:813–820
  33. Hart G, Woodward N, Carvell A. Needle-exchange in central London: Operating philosophy and communication strategies. AIDS Care. 1989;1:125–134
  34. Hastings GB, Caraher M, Aston K, Rose C. Let's get real: Communicating with the public about drugs. London: Anti-Drugs Co-ordinating Unit; 2001;
  35. Hastings GB, Eadie DR, Scott AC. Two years of AIDS publicity: A review of progress in Scotland. Health Education Research Theory and Practice. 1990;5:17–25
  36. Higbee KL. Fifteen years of fear arousal: Research on threat appeals 1953–1968. Psychological Bulletin. 1969;72(6):426–444
  37. Hoffman, J. A., Klein, H., Clark, D., Boyd, F., & Rodriguez, S. (1996). The effectiveness of using video-based interventions to reduce HIV-related injection risk. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on AIDS. Abstract no. We.C.3565.
  38. Icard LD, Schilling RF, El-Bassel N, Young D. Preventing AIDS among black gay men and black gay and heterosexual male intravenous drug users. Social Work. 1992;37(5):440–445
  39. Kinder P. HIV & AIDS: Looking at peer education. On the Level. 1995;3(2):41–46
  40. Klee H. Women drug users and their partners. In:  Sherr L, et al. editor. AIDS as a gender issue: Psychosocial perspectives. London: Taylor & Francis; 1996;
  41. Klee H, Faugier J, Hayes C, Boulton T, Morris J. Sexual partners of injecting drug users: The risk of HIV infection. British Journal of Addiction. 1990;85:413–418
  42. Korkia P, Stimson GV. Indications of prevalence, practice and effects of anabolic steroid use in Great Britain. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1997;18:557–562
  43. Kotranski L, Semaan S, Collier K, Lauby J, Halbert J, Feighan K. Effectiveness of an HIV risk reduction counseling intervention for out-of-treatment drug users. AIDS Education and Prevention. 1998;10:19–33
  44. Kumar MS, Mudaliar S, Daniels D. Community-based outreach HIV intervention for street-recruited drug users in Madras, India. Public Health Reports. 1998;113(Suppl. 1):58–66
  45. Latkin CA, Mandell W, Vlahov D, Oziemkowska M, Celentano DD. The long-term outcome of a personal network-orientated HIV prevention intervention for injection drug users: The SAFE study. American Journal of Community Psychology. 1996;24:341–364
  46. Leathar, D. S. (1980). Defence inducing advertising. Paper presented at Institute of Health Education Conference.
  47. Leathar DS, Davies JK. The role of images in health communication. In:  Baker MJ,  Saren MA editor. Marketing into the eighties. London: Bath Press; 1980;
  48. Leventhal H. Fear communications in the acceptance of preventive health practices. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 1965;41:1144–1168
  49. Leventhal. H. (1970). Theory in the study of fear communications. Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 5). New York, NY: Academic Press.
  50. Lex B. Gender differences and substance abuse. In:  Kello NK editors. Advances in substance abuse: Behavioral and biological research. London: Jessica Kingsley; 1991;
  51. MacGowan RJ, Brackbill RM, Rugg DL, Swanson NM, Weinstein B, Couchon A, et al. Sex, drugs and HIV counseling and testing: A prospective study of behavior-change among methadone-maintenance clients in New England. AIDS. 1997;11:229–235
  52. Mainliners, selection of publications and leaflets used for HIV and HCV prevention with IDUs, London, UK. (2000). Internet communication on 10 September 2001 at web site http://www.members.aol.com/linermain.
  53. Mann, J. (1993). AIDS in the 1990s. Public lecture. Australia: Prince of Wales Hospital. Cited in D. Burrows, Peer education among injecting drug users. Sydney: Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations (unpublished draft discussion paper).
  54. Marlink, R., & Foss, B. (1987). High rate of HTLV-III exposure IVDA's from a small sized city and the rate of failure of specialised methadone maintenance to prevent further drug use. Presented at the Third International AIDS Conference, Washington, DC (unpublished paper).
  55. Martin GS, Serpelloni G, Galvan U, Rizzetto A, Gomma M, Morgante S, et al. Behavioural change in injecting drug users: Evaluation of an HIV/AIDS education programme. AIDS Care. 1990;2:275–279
  56. McCalman, J. (1994). Is peer education an effective strategy for providing HIV education to young people? An evaluation of projects funded by the NSW AIDS Program 1992–1993. Thesis. University of Sydney, Australia. Cited in D. Burrows (1995), Peer education among injecting drug users. Sydney: Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations (unpublished draft discussion paper).
  57. McCoy HV, Dodds SE, Nolan C. AIDS intervention design for program evaluation: The Miami community outreach project. Journal of Drug Issues. 1990;20:223–243
  58. Miller C. Reducing risk among female partners of injecting drug users. Focus. 1991;7(1):5–6
  59. Mondanaro J. Strategies for AIDS prevention: Motivating health behavior in drug dependent women. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 1987;19:143–148
  60. Mondanaro, J. (1990). Community-based AIDS prevention interventions: Special issues of women intravenous drug users. In C. G. Leukefeld, et al. (Eds.), AIDS and intravenous drug use: Future directions for community-based prevention research (National Institute of Drug Abuse Research Monograph 93). Rockville, MD: US Department of Public Health.
  61. Montgomery, K. C. (1990). Promoting health through entertainment television. In G. B. Hastings, M. Caraher, K. Aston & C. Rose (Eds.). (2001). Let's get real: Communicating with the public about drugs. London: Anti-Drugs Co-ordinating Unit.
  62. Murray GG, Douglas RR. Social marketing in the alcohol policy arena. British Journal of Addiction. 1988;83:505–511
  63. Narain JP, Jha A, Lal S, Salunke S. Risk factors for HIV transmission in India. AIDS. 1994;8(Suppl. 2):S77–S82
  64. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). 2001. Risk of HIV infection among injecting users differs by gender. Internet communication on 23 August 2001. http://www.nida.nih.gov/drugpages/prevention.html.
  65. Neaigus A, Sufian M, Friedman SR. Effects of outreach intervention on risk reduction among intravenous drug users. AIDS Education and Prevention. 1990;2:253–271
  66. Panda S, Chatterjee A, Bhattacharya SK, Manna B, Singh PN, Sarkar S, et al. Transmission of HIV from injecting drug users to their wives in India. International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2000;11:468–473
  67. Perry CL, Kelder SH, Murray DM, Klepp KI. Community-wide smoking prevention: Long-term outcomes of the Minnesota heart health program and the class of 1989 study. American Journal of Public Health. 1992;82:1210–1216
  68. Pierce JP, MacAskill P, Hill D. Long-term effectiveness of mass media led anti-smoking campaigns in Australia. American Journal of Public Health. 1990;80:565–569
  69. Power, R. (1994). Rapid assessment of the drug injecting situation in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Report to the United Nations International Drug Control Programme).
  70. Powers, B. & Penn, S. (1990). AIDS risk reduction among female IVDUs and female sexual partners of IVDUs, 1998–1999. Presentation at the Sixth International Conference on AIDS (Abstract-3077).
  71. Protopopov, A., & Volik, A. (2001). According to official data afforded by information service of charitable “anti-AIDS” fund. Charitable “Anti-AIDS” Fund, Ukraine (unpublished discussion paper available from A. Volik, aaf_info@pi.net.au).
  72. Ray ML, Wilkie WL. Fear: The potential of an appeal neglected by marketing. Journal of Marketing. 1970;34:54–62
  73. Reid DJ, Killoran AJ, McNeill AD, Chambers JS. Choosing the most effective health promotion options for reducing a nations’ smoking prevalence. Tobacco Control. 1995;1:185–197
  74. Rhodes T. The politics of anti-drug campaigns. Druglink. 1990;5(3):16–19
  75. Richter A, Brandeau ML, Owens DK. An analysis of optimal resource allocation for prevention of infection with immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in injection drug users and non-users. Medical Decision Making. 1999;19:167–179
  76. Rossi, D., & Touze, G. (1994). Drug users’ involvement in AIDS prevention. In Proceedingd of the 10th International Conference on AIDS. (Abstract no. 297D).
  77. Schilling RF, El-Bassel N, Schinke SP, Gordon K, Nichols S. Building skills of recovering women drug users to reduce harm. Public Health Reports. 1991;106:297–304
  78. Schilling RF, MacAlister AL. Preventing drug use in adolescents through media interventions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1990;58:416–424
  79. Schrappe M, Lauterbach K. Systematic review on the cost-effectiveness of public health interventions for HIV prevention in industrialized countries. AIDS. 1998;12(Suppl. A):S231–S238
  80. Sherr L. An evaluation of the UK government health education campaign on AIDS. Psychology and Health. 1987;1:61–72
  81. Sherr L. Fear arousal and AIDS: Do shock tactics work?. AIDS. 1990;4:361–364
  82. Skelton, E. (2000). Making drugs education streetwise (unpublished presentation paper available from Streetwize Communications).
  83. Skrondal A, Eskid A, Thorvaldesen J. Changes in condom use after HIV diagnosis. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 2000;28:71–76
  84. Sternthal B, Craig CS. Effective and ineffective use of fear in health promotion campaigns. American Journal of Public Health. 1974;78:163–167
  85. Stimson G, Donoghoe M. Health promotion and the facilitation of individual change. In:  Rhodes T,  Hartnoll R editor. AIDS, drugs and prevention. London: Routledge; 1997;
  86. Strasburger VC. Prevention of adolescent drug abuse: Why ‘just say no’ just won’t work. The Journal of Paediatrics. 1989;114(4):677–681(Part 1)
  87. Sutton SR. Fear arousing communication: A critical examination of theory and research. In:  Eiser JR editors. Social psychology and behavioural medicine. London: John Wiley; 1982;p. 303–337
  88. Tobler NS. Meta-analysis of 143 adolescent drug prevention programmes: Quantitative outcome results of program participants compared to a control group or comparison group. Journal of Drug Issues. 1986;16:537–567
  89. Tripp G, Davenport A. Fear advertising—It doesn’t work! Health Promotion. Winter. 1988/1989;17–19
  90. Tross, S., Abdul-Quader, A. S., Simons, P. S., Sanchez, M., & Silvert, H. M. (1993). Evaluation of a peer outreach HIV prevention program for partners of injecting drug users (IDUs) in New York City. In Proceedings of the IX International Conference on AIDS (Abstract no. PO-D13-3737).
  91. UNAIDS & WHO. (2003). AIDS epidemic update. Geneva, Switzerland.
  92. Vickerman, P., & Watts, C. (2000). IDU: A user-friendly model to estimate the impact of HIV of interventions working with injecting drug users. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on AIDS (Abstract no. ThPeD5500).
  93. Wallack L, Sciandra R. Media advocacy and public education in the community intervention trial to reduce heavy smoking (COMMIT). International Quarterly of Community Health Education. 1991;11(3):205–222
  94. Weibel, W., Jimenez, A., & Johnson, W. (1993). Positive effect on HIV seroconversion of street outreach intervention with IDU in Chicago: 1988–1992. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on AIDS (Abstract no. WS-C15-2).
  95. White D, Phillips K, Mulleady G, Cupitt C. Sexual issues and condom use among injecting drug users. AIDS Care. 1993;5(4):426–438
  96. Wodak, A., & Cooney, A. (in press). Effectiveness of sterile needle and syringe programmes. International Journal of Drug Policy.
  97. Wodak A, Des Jarlais DC. Strategies for the prevention of HIV infection among and from injecting drug users. Bulletin Narcotics. 1993;45(1):47–60
  98. Wyllie A, Casswell S. Formative evaluation of a policy-orientated print media campaign. Health Promotion International. 1992;7(3):155–161

PII: S0955-3959(05)00080-0

doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2005.02.006

International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume 16 , Pages 21-30 , December 2005