The political power of police and crackdowns: Vancouver's example

References 

1. Austin, A., & Young, S. (2003, July 10). Vancouver's Downtown Eastside crackdown pays off as police seek $1.19m. Vancouver Province. Available: http://www.pollara.ca/news/LIBRARY/SURVEYS/vancouverpolicing.htm (accessed 20 September 2005).
2. Badelt B. VPD uses newspaper advertising to publish its annual report. Vancouver Sun. 2005, August 17;
3. Baglole J. Vancouver drug facilities draw ire of U.S. officials. Wall Street Journal. 2003, April 1;
4. Bellett G. Park beatings by police get public airing: Evidence against fired constables will finally be tested. Vancouver Sun. 2005, April;12:
5. Bisetty K. Rookie cop guns down armed man: Two constables with less than a year's service attacked by man with knife. Vancouver Sun. 2004, December 28;
6. British Columbia, Legislative Assembly (2002, April 17). Special Committee to Review the Police Complaints Process, 3rd Session, 37th Parliament (pp. 380–386).
7. Bula F, Fong P. Police drug plan was six months in the making: Embarrassment over city's image drove force to act. Vancouver Sun. 2003 April 11;
8. Campbell, L. W. (2003). Confronting poverty and addiction on Vancouver's Downtown Eastside. The City of Vancouver's response to the Human Rights Watch report on health and human rights impacts of the Vancouver Police Department's City-wide Enforcement Team (CET) Initiative. Vancouver: City of Vancouver; 2003. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/fourpillars/pdf/HRW-response.pdf (accessed 2005 September 13).
9. Campbell, L. W. (2004, June). Enforcement pillar laying the foundation. Four pillars coalition newsletter: City of Vancouver. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/fourpillars/newsletter/Jun04/mayorscolumn.htm (accessed 2005 September 13).
10. Carrigg, D. (2004, October 13). Police Board Resignation Puzzles Mayor. Vancouver Courier. Available: http://www.vancourier.com/issues04/102204/news/102204nn3.html (accessed 2005 September 13).
11. City of Vancouver. (2003a). Regular Council Meeting Minutes, 8April 2003. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/ctyclerk/cclerk/20030408/RegMins.htm (accessed 2005 September 13).
12. City of Vancouver. (2003b). Regular Council Meeting Minutes, 8 July 2003. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/ctyclerk/cclerk/20030708/regmins.htm (accessed 2005 September 13).
13. Fong P, Bula F. 90 arrested in drug sweep: The first five days of a major campaign has produced hundreds of trafficking charges. Vancouver Sun. 2003 April 12;
14. Howell M. (2004a, November 11). Chief paid extra for cops’ respect. Vancouver Courier. Available: http://www.vancourier.com/issues04/112204/news/112204nn4.html (accessed 2005 September 13).
15. Howell M. (2004b, August 30). Drennan's ex lands 90k a year PR job at police department. Vancouver Courier. Available: http://www.vancourier.com/issues04/085104/news/085104nn5.html (accessed 2005 September 20).
16. Human Rights Watch. (2003a). Locked doors: The human rights of people living with HIV/AIDS in China (Vol. 14(7C)). Human Rights Watch: New York.
17. Human Rights Watch. (2003b). Ravaging the vulnerable: Abuses against persons at high risk of HIV in Bangladesh (Vol. 15(6C)). Human Rights Watch: New York.
18. Human Rights Watch. (2004). Not enough graves: The war on drugs, HIV/AIDS, and violations of human rights in Thailand (Vol. 16(8C)). Human Rights Watch: New York.
19. Human Rights Watch. (2005). Abusing the user: Police misconduct, harm reduction, and HIV/AIDS in Vancouver (Vol. 15(2B)). Human Rights Watch: New York.
20. Jones D. Vancouver's “vision of hell” requires special type of MD. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1998;159
21. Kerr T, Small W, Wood E. The public health and social impacts of drug market enforcement: A review of the evidence. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2005;493(1–11):
22. McKinnon JB. Crime: The big sweep. Vancouver Magazine. 2003, June;
23. O’Brian A. Some officers resisted investigation, chief admits. Vancouver Sun. 2005, June 16;
24. OPCC. (2005a). In The Matter of the Police Act, RSBC 1996. c. 367 (as amended) and in the matter of the Public Hearing into the complaint against constable David Bruce-Thomas of the Vancouver Police Department (21 January 2005), OPCC Decision PH2003-01. Available: OPCC 〈http://www.opcc.bc.ca/Public Hearings/Archived Public Hearings/PH 03-01/03-01 Public Hearing List.htm〉 (accessed: 20 September 2005).
25. OPCC. (2005b). Report of the Police Complaint Commissioner Pivot complaints against VPD. Available: http://www.opcc.bc.ca/Reports/2005/PCCs Pivot Report.pdf (accessed 21 September 2005).
26. OPCC. (2004a). In the Matter of the Police Act, RSBC 1996. c. 367 (as amended) and in the Matter of the Public Hearing into the Complaint Against Constables Reginald Forster and Ryan D’Onofrio of the Vancouver Police Department, OPCC Decision PH2003-02. Available: http://www.opcc.bc.ca/Public Hearings/Archived Public Hearings/PH 03-02/03-02 Adjudicators Decision.pdf (accessed 20 September 2005).
27. OPCC. (2004b). In the Matter of the Police Act, RSBC 1996. c. 367 (as amended), c. 367 (as amended) and in the Matter of the Public Hearing into the Complaint Against Constable Duncan Gemmell and Constable Gabriel Kojima of the Vancouver Police Department, OPCC Decision PH2004-01. Available: OPCC Part I 〈http://www.opcc.bc.ca/Public Hearings/Archived Public Hearings/PH 04-01/04-01 Adjudicator Clancy Decision Part 1.pdf〉 and Part II 〈http://www.opcc.bc.ca/Public Hearings/Archived Public Hearings/PH 04-01/Part 2 Final Decision.pdf〉.
28. Pivot Legal Society . To serve and protect. Vancouver: Pivot Legal Society; 2003;
29. Pivot. (2003, July 10). Letter to Larry Campbell Re: Evaluation of Vancouver Police Department's “City-wide Enforcement Team,”.
30. POLLARA. (2003, June) A POLLARA report for the Vancouver Police Department: Opinions of residents and businesses regarding the city-wide enforcement team project. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/police/What'snew/VPD_DTES_Report_Final.pdf (accessed 2005 September 13).
31. Rich B., & Lepard D. (2003, March 18). Administrative report of the Standing Committee on City Services and Budgets. Vancouver: Vancouver Police Department, CC File No. 3701/1601. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/ctyclerk/cclerk/20030408/csb4.htm (accessed 2005 September 13).
32. Roth K. (2003, June 23). HRW Letter to Mayor Larry Campbell, Human Rights Watch. Available: http://hrw.org/press/2003/06/canada0623031-ltr.htm (accessed 2005 September 13).
33. Small W, Kerr T, Charette J, Wood E, Schechter M, Spittal P. Impacts of Intensified Police Activity on Injection Drug Users: Evidence from an Ethnographic Investigation. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2006;17(2):85–95
34. Smyth M. Coleman needs to protect public, not cops. Vancouver Province. 2005, 5 June;
35. Vancouver Police Department (VPD). (2003a, April 7). Picking up the beat [Video]. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/police/What'snew/dtes.htm (accessed 20 September 2005).
36. Vancouver Police Department. (2003b, September 29). Highlights from the morning press conference. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/police/media/summaries/2003/2003sept29.htm.
37. Vancouver Police Department (VPD). (2004, June 6). Response to the Guns and Roses Decision Chief Constable Graham. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/police/media/summaries/2004/2004jun23.htm (accessed 25 November 2005).
38. Vancouver Police Department (VPD). (2005a). Media release 2005-05-04. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/police/media/Releases/040504.htm (accessed 25 November 2005).
39. Vancouver Police Department (VPD). (2005b, February 2). Highlights from morning media briefing. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/police/media/summaries/2005feb09.htm (accessed 25 November 2005).
40. Vancouver Police Department. (2005c, April 20). Beyond the call newsletter. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/police/media/images/BTC_12april05.pdf (accessed 20 September 2005).
41. Vancouver Police Department. (2005d, August 17). Vancouver Police Department Annual Report: Beyond the call. Vancouver Sun.
42. Vancouver Police Department (VPD). (n.d.-a). Public affairs and marketing unit homepage. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/police/media/ (accessed 20 September 2005).
43. Vancouver Police Department (VPD). (n.d.-b). The promise [Video]. Available: http://vpd.harbour.com/Promise/ThePromise.wmv (accessed 20 September 2005).
44. Vancouver Police Department (VPD). (n.d.-c). The facts in the Berg Case. Available: http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/police/BergCase/ (accessed 25 November 2005).
45. Wood E, Spittal PM, Small W, Kerr T, Li K, Hogg RS, et al. Displacement of Canada's largest public illicit drug market in response to a police crackdown. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2004;170(10):