International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume 20, Issue 6 , Pages 497-501 , November 2009

Low-threshold methadone treatment, heroin price, police activity and incidence of heroin use: The Zurich experience

  • Carlos Nordt

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Psychiatric University Hospital, Militärstrasse 8, PO Box 1930, CH-8021 Zurich, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 44 296 73 00; fax: +41 44 296 73 09.
  • ,
  • Rudolf Stohler

Received 13 June 2008 ,Revised 23 January 2009 ,Accepted 26 February 2009.

References 

  1. Einstein S. Harm and risk reduction: History, theories, issues, and implications. Substance Use and Misuse. 2007;42:257–265
  2. Federal Office of Police (1980–2005). Betäubungsmittelstatistik, gesonderte Jahresstatistiken 1980–2005 [Statistic of narcotics, separate issues 1980–2005]. Issues 2003–2006 available at http://www.fedpol.admin.ch/fedpol/de/home/dokumentation/zahlen_und_fakten.html (Accessed on January 23, 2009).
  3. Federal Office of Police (2007) Betäubungsmittelstatistik, 2006 [Statistic of narcotics, 2006]. Available at: http://www.fedpol.admin.ch/etc/medialib/data/kriminalitaet/statistik/kriminalitaet.Par.0008.File.tmp/PKS_BMS_06_DEF_dt.pdf (Accessed on January 23, 2009).
  4. Federal Office of Statistic (2008). Betäubungsmitteldelinquenz [Delinquency of narcotics]. Available at: http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/19/03/02/dos/01.html (Accessed on January 23, 2009).
  5. Heroin Gehalte Statistik 2000–2006 (2007). [Statistic of heroin purity level 2000–2006]. Zürich: Fachgruppe Forensische Chemie der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Rechtsmedizin. Available at: http://www.sgrm.ch/content.php? See CHEMIE and select FORENSISCHE CHEMIE (Accessed on January 23, 2009).
  6. Nordt C, Stohler R. Incidence of heroin use in Zurich Switzerland: A treatment case register analysis. Lancet. 2006;367:1830–1834
  7. Nordt, C., & Stohler, R. (2006b). Versorgung der Heroinabhängigen im Kanton Zürich, 1991 bis 2004 [Treatment provision for heroin users in the canton of Zurich, 1991–2004]. Zurich: Forschungsgruppe Substanzstörungen der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik. Available at: http://www.puk-west.uzh.ch/research/substanzstoerungen/substanzpubl/MethiInfo13.pdf (Accessed on January 23, 2009).
  8. Nordt C, Stohler R. Estimating heroin epidemics with data of patients in methadone maintenance treatment, collected during a single treatment day. Addiction. 2008;103:591–597
  9. Pietschmann, T. (2006). Price-setting behaviour in the heroin market. In United Nations (Eds.), Bulletin on Narcotics, Volume LVI, Nos. 1 and 2; 2004: Illicit drug markets (pp. 105–39). New York: United Nations. Available at: http://www.unodc.org/pdf/bulletin/bulletin_2004_01_01_1_Art5.pdf (Accessed on January 23, 2009).
  10. Sutton M. Economic market models. In:  Sharp F,  Neaman R editor. EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series, Vol. 6; 2001: Modelling drug use: Methods to quantify and understand hidden processes. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; 2001;p. 221–230
  11. Weatherburn D. Dilemmas in harm minimization.. Addiction. 2009;104:335–339

PII: S0955-3959(09)00051-6

doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.02.009

International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume 20, Issue 6 , Pages 497-501 , November 2009